Which type of assessment incorporates students reflecting on their work?

Portfolio assessments are unique in that they require students to gather and reflect upon a body of their work over time. This type of assessment allows learners to showcase their skills and progress, encouraging them to think critically about what they have created, the learning process they underwent, and how they've improved. It often includes self-evaluations or reflections where students articulate what they learned from each piece, what challenges they faced, and how they overcame them. This reflective component is integral to portfolio assessments, as it promotes metacognition and helps students take ownership of their learning journey.

In contrast, skill-based tests focus primarily on the demonstration of specific skills under standardized conditions, often without providing an opportunity for reflection. Group projects emphasize collaboration but may not inherently encourage individual reflection on personal learning outcomes. Papers can require critical thinking and analysis but typically do not provide a holistic view of a student's body of work over time, nor do they often include personal reflection about the learning journey.